Phosphorus paint: varieties of luminous compositions, DIY recipe

I welcome you to the page of my blog Business on the Internet. Today we will not talk about online business, but, as they say, about off-line business, i.e. on the ground. This article is an addition to the previous article and its main goal is to reveal such a concept as luminous flowers . Why the idea came up to describe this type of business and what is needed, see below...

Before we begin to consider today’s topic, let’s return to the previous article “Flower delivery business.” This type of business was described there and why you should start it if you do not yet have your own business.

But, after writing the article, the thought came to me that floristry, the art of arranging bouquets, can be described as the most pleasant profession, agree! But, as in any other business, competition in this business forces you not to sit on your hands.

That is why, to achieve success, you need to be aware of all the innovations, don’t you agree? If “yes”, then you answered correctly, if your answer is “no” - get ready, your competitors will bypass you! This is why it was decided to continue the topic of the flower business, so that the picture would be more complete.

Let me give you a simple example. Not long ago, flower stickers began to gain popularity. It seems like a small thing, but people are pleased! And those who were the first to use them in arranging bouquets received a significant advantage over their main competitors in the flower business.

And since last year, a real find for florists has been the use of amazing luminous colors, which allow you to create an indescribably beautiful bouquet of glowing flowers!

Video: Feeding medicinal, well-fed bees from wormwood and pine needles

An experienced, zealous, diligent man takes care of everything in advance. Interfering with life activities at the wrong time, when our pets are in a state of deep rest, is fraught with consequences. Excessive attention leads to anxiety, stress, and increased feed consumption. Intestinal overflow with all that it entails is possible. Unjustified cooling of the nest should be abandoned forever. Plan your own activities six months in advance. It didn't hurt anyone.

Luminescent materials

Luminescent materials (luminophores) are those materials that are capable of luminescence, i.e. give off the excitation energy absorbed by them in the form of light radiation (without emitting thermal rays). Luminescence can appear at fairly low temperatures because it does not use the thermal energy of the emitting system. Therefore, luminescence is often called “cold glow”. Unlike other types of non-thermal radiation (for example, scattering and reflection of light), luminescence is characterized by a longer glow time, which can range from 10-12 s to several days.

According to quantum theory, electrons in atoms (molecules) are located at certain energy levels. When a substance is irradiated with light, a transition of electrons between different energy levels is possible. The energy difference between the energy levels E1 and E2 and the frequency v of the wave of absorbed light are related to each other by the equation

E1 – E2 = hv,

where h is Planck’s constant.

After light is absorbed, part of the energy received by the system is consumed as a result of relaxation (transition to an equilibrium state), while part can be emitted in the form of a photon of a certain energy.

Rice. 1. Scheme of quantum transitions during the elementary process of luminescence: 1 – main energy level; 2 – radiation level; 3 – level of excitement.

Transition 3 → 1 (shown by a dotted arrow) corresponds to resonant luminescence, transition 2 → 1 – spontaneous luminescence

Some of the possible mechanisms for implementing the luminescence process are shown schematically in Fig. 1. When luminescence is excited, an atom (molecule), absorbing energy, moves from the main energy level 1 to the excited level 3. In some cases, luminescence can occur directly during the radiative transition 3 → 1. In this case, the frequencies (wavelengths) of luminescence and exciting light coincide , and luminescence is called resonant. In other cases, when interacting with surrounding atoms, the excited atom can transfer part of the energy to them and move to level 2, during the radiative transition from which luminescence occurs, which is called spontaneous. Typically, the emission level of radiation 2 lies below level 3, part of the energy during excitation is lost to heat, so that the wavelength of the emitted light is greater than that of the absorbed light (Stokes' rule, established by the English physicist J. G. Stokes in 1852).

The emitting atom can also receive additional energy from other atoms, so that the wavelength of the emitted light is shorter than the absorbed one. This additional energy can be either the energy of thermal motion of atoms or the result of the summation of excitation energy, i.e. transferring energy absorbed by several atoms to one emitting atom.

In some cases, an atom (molecule), before moving to emission level 2, finds itself at an intermediate (lower) metastable level and in order to move to level 2 it needs to be given additional energy, for example, the energy of thermal motion or light. The luminescence that occurs during such processes is called metastable (forced or stimulated).

The emission level can belong either to the same atom (molecule) that absorbed the excitation energy (such transitions are called intracenter transitions) or to another particle. The transfer of energy to other atoms and molecules is carried out by electrons and can occur in various ways. Thus, in crystals, energy transfer is carried out using conduction electrons, holes and electron-hole pairs. If the final act of energy transfer is recombination (in particular, the recombination of electrons and holes), then the luminescence accompanying this process is called recombination.

Substances in solid, liquid and gaseous states can have the ability to luminescence. Specially synthesized substances whose luminescent ability is used for practical purposes are called phosphors. Luminescence is divided into different types depending on the type of excitation. The main ones are photo-, radio-, electro- and chemiluminescence. Accordingly, according to the type of excitation, photo-, radio-, electro- and chemiluminophores are distinguished. There are also mixed types of phosphors, for example, ZnS:Cu is a photo-, cathode- and electroluminophore. According to their chemical nature, phosphors are organic (organoluminophors) and inorganic (phosphors). Phosphores with a crystalline structure are called crystallophosphors. The glow of phosphors can be caused both by the properties of the main substance (base) and by the presence of an impurity - an activator, which forms glow centers in the base. In this case, the name of activated phosphors consists of the name of the base and the name of the activator, for example, ZnS:Cu denotes zinc sulfide activated by copper (green glow color), or ZnS:Ag denotes zinc sulfide activated by silver (blue glow color).

Types of phosphorus agents

All paints with luminous properties are divided into several varieties (this depends on the material with which they can be used):

Phosphorous substances for metal surfaces. As an example, car parts (wheels) are often painted with this paint or a beautiful pattern is made on it using a luminous agent. Another such mixture can be seen on the facade of the house.
Luminous fabric material. They apply original designs to clothes, which then look bright in the dark. This type of coating is widely used by manufacturers for personal style.
Phosphorus dyes for glass and glossy substrates. Thanks to this tool, you can make patterns on glassware, glasses, and so on.
This composition is based on a water-based material - it is often used to decorate real flowers. With such a phosphorus agent you can get a bouquet that will glow in the dark.
Such painting materials for wood. They are used to decorate fences, window frames and other wooden objects.
Phosphorus coloring agent for concrete bases - respectively applied to concrete or stone bases. They, especially now, are often bought for painting borders, paved stone paths, and so on.
Silk screen printing ink - used to create advertising stickers.
LMC for plastic, it is suitable for any items made of polystyrene and so on.
Phosphorescent material in cans. This is a unique composition that is very quickly applied to the base. It is often purchased for window displays, advertising billboards, sports equipment, and so on. The uniqueness of this substance is that it can be combined with any base (wood, metal, plastic).

Areas of application of luminescent coating

Today, luminescent paint is used mainly for decorating rooms. With its help, designers create original multi-color compositions that glow softly but intensely at night. This wall and ceiling decor will appeal to children who are afraid to sleep in complete darkness.

But not only interior walls can be covered with luminescent paint. The scope of use of the composition is wide:

production of posters, banners, advertising stands placed on city streets;
decorating furniture and structural elements of night bars, cafes, dance floors and other entertainment venues;
creation of asphalt markings, urban structures, signs for motorists;
painting of cars, mopeds, bicycles, other vehicles and their individual parts (bumpers, wheels);
sewing work clothes for road and city employees;
painting facades, gazebos, fences, urban improvement elements;
creating impressive lighting tricks when performing circus acts;
production of theatrical and circus costumes, dummies and scenery;
printing prints and inscriptions on textiles;
aerosol irrigation of leaves and petals of plants to create luminous flower arrangements.

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What is pine extract

On an industrial scale, pine extract for honey bees is produced under sterile conditions under certain technological conditions. That is why it is of the highest quality. Extraction can be schematically represented as follows: a certain amount of pine or spruce spring shoots is taken. They are filled with boiled water and left for the required period of time.

The solution is filtered. This is where useful substances important for life pass. These include:

There are many phytoncides known in medicine that attack pathogenic bacteria.
Essential oils famous for their healing effect.
Flavonoids.
Phytohormones.
Finally, scientists have discovered important macro- and microelements here.

The principle of operation and features of the composition of luminescent paint

Luminescence is the glow of a substance, which is possible due to light energy accumulated during daylight hours. This effect is ensured by a phosphor, a pigment sold in powder form. It absorbs light emitted by both the sun and lighting fixtures to release the captured light energy in the dark.

The phosphor contained in the paint retains its light-accumulating property for approximately 30 years. The duration of the night glow is determined by the duration of light exposure during the day, and the intensity is determined by the pigment concentration. For a noticeable glow, 20 minutes of exposure to light on the coated surface is enough.

High-quality luminescent composition is harmless to the human body. Only the specific smell of fresh coating can have a negative impact.

The second component of the luminescent composition is varnish. It does not affect the intensity of the glow, but only performs a fastening function. The standard proportion of luminescent powder and varnish is 1:3. The paint is produced on the basis of polyurethane, acrylic, alkyd varnish. The durability, durability and cost of the product depend on the varnish base.

Is it possible to prepare pine extract for bees yourself by collecting the needles yourself?

Yes. You can prepare pine extract for your bees with your own hands. Some people tend to trust exclusively local plants. An excellent option is to stock up on raw materials by cutting off young shoots that have grown 10-15 cm. People sometimes call such shoots “candles.” They have a bright green delicate color and are visible from tens of meters away. They are hard to miss.

Rules of application

If you bought paint not in a can, but in a jar or bucket, then use a brush, roller or spray bottle to paint. If work is done indoors, it should be well ventilated. The surface on which the phosphor is applied must be absolutely dry, primed, and smooth.

In order to properly paint a surface and extend its service life, the following rules must be observed:

Prepare the surface for applying pigment. Remove dust, greasy deposits, rust, mold.
Remove the finishing coating if it is old, does not adhere well, or is crumbling. Then apply putty.
Shake the contents of the container, as the pigment is susceptible to precipitation.
Apply the phosphor in two layers: the second 1-2 hours after the first.
For a more intense glow, place the paint on a light background. On dark walls the glow is dim.
Use protective equipment: closed work clothes, rubber gloves, goggles. If toxic paint containing phosphorus is used, a respirator is required.